Circularity as a guide for sustainability: a social or environmental issue?

Abstract

This article analyzes national data on solid waste collection, solid waste typology, and recycling rates in Brazil in 2024, based on the Recycling Yearbook. The proposal seeks to understand the dynamics of circularity from an environmental, social, and economic perspective. The article is based on the Circular Economy Theory, which aims to minimize waste and reuse and recycle discarded products. The methodology adopted is quantitative and descriptive, with analysis of secondary data, organized into six thematic elements: a) Regional Distribution of Recycling and Structural Disparities; b) Environmental and Economic Impact of Circularity; c) Waste Pickers, Work, and Remuneration; d) Environmental Sustainability and the Circular Economy; e) Selective Waste Collection and Municipal Coverage. The results highlight territorial inequalities, weak public policies, and low pay for waste pickers, in addition to highlight limitations in selective waste collection coverage and the use of recyclable waste. An analysis of circularity dynamics from an environmental, social, and economic perspective, using data from all Brazilian states, highlights inequalities and a lack of intersectoral cooperation needed to advance climate impact reduction. The conclusion is that consolidating the circular economy in Brazil requires integration between environmental justice, the valorization of labor, and inclusive governance.